cvs commit: de-docproj/books/arch-handbook/boot chapter.sgml

From: Aron Schlesinger <as(at)doc.bsdgroup.de>
Date: Sun, 2 Sep 2007 04:00:26 GMT

as 2007-09-02 04:00:26 UTC

FreeBSD German Documentation Repository

Modified files:
    books/arch-handbook/boot chapter.sgml
  Log:
  Kapitel 1 uebersetzt

  Gesendet von: Oliver Herold

  "chapterinfo" mit Oliver H. als uebersetzer ergaenzt.

  Revision Changes Path
  1.2 +597 -500 de-docproj/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.sgml

  Index: chapter.sgml
  ===================================================================
  RCS file: /home/cvs/de-docproj/books/arch-handbook/boot/chapter.sgml,v
  retrieving revision 1.1
  retrieving revision 1.2
  diff -u -I$FreeBSDde.*$ -r1.1 -r1.2
  --- chapter.sgml 25 Aug 2007 04:28:40 -0000 1.1
  +++ chapter.sgml 2 Sep 2007 04:00:26 -0000 1.2
  @@ -16,63 +16,77 @@
         <author>
           <firstname>Sergey</firstname>
           <surname>Lyubka</surname>
  - <contrib>Contributed by </contrib>
  + <contrib>Beigetragen von </contrib>
         </author> 
       </authorgroup>
  + <authorgroup>
  + <author>
  + <firstname>Oliver</firstname>
  + <surname>Herold</surname>
  + <contrib>Übersetzt von </contrib>
  + </author>
  + </authorgroup>
     </chapterinfo>
  - <title>Bootstrapping and kernel initialization</title>
  +
  + <title>Bootstrapping und Kernel Initialisierung</title>

     <sect1 id="boot-synopsis">
  - <title>Synopsis</title>
  + <title>Inhalt</title>

       <indexterm><primary>BIOS</primary></indexterm>
  - <indexterm><primary>firmware</primary></indexterm>
  + <indexterm><primary>Firmware</primary></indexterm>
       <indexterm><primary>POST</primary></indexterm>
       <indexterm><primary>IA-32</primary></indexterm>
  - <indexterm><primary>booting</primary></indexterm>
  - <indexterm><primary>system initialization</primary></indexterm>
  - <para>This chapter is an overview of the boot and system
  - initialization process, starting from the BIOS (firmware) POST,
  - to the first user process creation. Since the initial steps of
  - system startup are very architecture dependent, the IA-32
  - architecture is used as an example.</para>
  - </sect1>
  + <indexterm><primary>Hochfahren</primary></indexterm>
  + <indexterm><primary>Initialisierung des Systems</primary></indexterm>
  + <para>Dieses Kapitel gibt einen Überblick bezüglich des
  + Bootvorgangs und der Systeminitialisierung, beginnend mit dem
  + BIOS Selbsttest (POST), bis zum Start des ersten Anwenderdienstes.
  + Da die initialen Schritte beim Systemstart abhängig sind von der
  + verwendeten Architektur, wird die IA-32 Architektur als Beispiel
  + genutzt.</para>
  + </sect1>

     <sect1 id="boot-overview">
  - <title>Overview</title>
  -
  - <para>A computer running FreeBSD can boot by several methods,
  - although the most common method, booting from a harddisk where
  - the OS is installed, will be discussed here. The boot process
  - is divided into several steps:</para>
  + <title>Übersicht</title>

  + <para>Ein Computer mit FreeBSD kann mittels diverser Methoden
  + gestartet werden, obwohl die meist verwendete Methode, das
  + Starten von der Festplatte auf der das Betriebssystem installiert
  + ist, hier besprochen wird. Der Boot-Vorgang ist in mehrere
  + Schritte unterteilt:</para>
  +
       <itemizedlist>
  - <listitem><para>BIOS POST</para></listitem>
  - <listitem><para><literal>boot0</literal> stage</para></listitem>
  - <listitem><para><literal>boot2</literal> stage</para></listitem>
  - <listitem><para>loader stage</para></listitem>
  - <listitem><para>kernel initialization</para></listitem>
  + <listitem><para>BIOS Selbsttest (POST)</para></listitem>
  + <listitem><para><literal>boot0</literal> Phase</para></listitem>
  + <listitem><para><literal>boot2</literal> Phase</para></listitem>
  + <listitem><para>Lader Phase</para></listitem>
  + <listitem><para>Kernelinitialisierung</para></listitem>
       </itemizedlist>

  - <indexterm><primary>BIOS POST</primary></indexterm>
  + <indexterm><primary>BIOS Selbsttest (POST)</primary></indexterm>
       <indexterm><primary>boot0</primary></indexterm>
       <indexterm><primary>boot2</primary></indexterm>
  - <indexterm><primary>loader</primary></indexterm>
  - <para>The <literal>boot0</literal> and <literal>boot2</literal>
  - stages are also referred to as <emphasis>bootstrap stages 1 and
  - 2</emphasis> in &man.boot.8; as the first steps in FreeBSD's
  - 3-stage bootstrapping procedure. Various information is printed
  - on the screen at each stage, so you may visually recognize them
  - using the table that follows. Please note that the actual data
  - may differ from machine to machine:</para>
  -
  + <indexterm><primary>Lader</primary></indexterm>
  + <para>Die <literal>boot0</literal> und <literal>boot2</literal>
  + Phasen werden auch als <emphasis>Bootstrap Phase 1 und 2
  + </emphasis> bezeichnet in &man.boot.8; sprich die ersten
  + Schritte im 3-phasigen Bootstrapping Vorgang.
  + Mannigfaltige Informationen werden auf dem Bildschirm bei jeder
  + Stufe ausgegeben, so das man diese leicht wiedererkennen kann
  + mit Hilfe der folgenden Tabelle. Bitte beachten sie, das die
  + tatsächlichen Daten sich von Maschine zu Maschine
  + unterscheiden können:</para>
  +
  +
  +
       <informaltable frame="none" pgwide="1">
         <tgroup cols="2">
           <tbody>
             <row>
  - <entry><para>may vary</para></entry>
  + <entry><para>veränderbar</para></entry>

  - <entry><para>BIOS (firmware) messages</para></entry>
  + <entry><para>BIOS (Firmware) Meldungen</para></entry>
             </row>

             <row>
  @@ -92,11 +106,13 @@
   boot:</screen>
               </para></entry>

  - <entry><para><literal>boot2</literal><footnote><para>This
  - prompt will appear if the user presses a key just after
  - selecting an OS to boot at the <literal>boot0</literal>
  - stage.</para></footnote></para></entry>
  - </row>
  + <entry><para><literal>boot2</literal><footnote><para>Diese
  + Eingabeaufforderung erscheint, wenn der Anwender eine
  + Taste drückt, nachdem er ein Betriebssystem zum Hochfahren
  + ausgewählt hat, welches mit der <literal>boot0</literal>
  + Phase beginnt.</para></footnote></para></entry>
  +
  +</row>

             <row>
               <entry><para>
  @@ -132,235 +148,266 @@
     </sect1>

     <sect1 id="boot-bios">
  - <title>BIOS POST</title>
  + <title>BIOS Selbstest (POST)</title>

  - <para>When the PC powers on, the processor's registers are set
  - to some predefined values. One of the registers is the
  - <emphasis>instruction pointer</emphasis> register, and its value
  - after a power on is well defined: it is a 32-bit value of
  - 0xfffffff0. The instruction pointer register points to code to
  - be executed by the processor. One of the registers is the
  - <literal>cr1</literal> 32-bit control register, and its value
  - just after the reboot is 0. One of the cr1's bits, the bit PE
  - (Protected Enabled) indicates whether the processor is running
  - in protected or real mode. Since at boot time this bit is
  - cleared, the processor boots in real mode. Real mode means,
  - among other things, that linear and physical addresses are
  - identical.</para>
  -
  - <para>The value of 0xfffffff0 is slightly less then 4Gb, so unless
  - the machine has 4Gb physical memory, it cannot point to a valid
  - memory address. The computer's hardware translates this address
  - so that it points to a BIOS memory block.</para>
  -
  - <para>BIOS stands for <emphasis>Basic Input Output
  - System</emphasis>, and it is a chip on the motherboard that has
  - a relatively small amount of read-only memory (ROM). This
  - memory contains various low-level routines that are specific to
  - the hardware supplied with the motherboard. So, the processor
  - will first jump to the address 0xfffffff0, which really resides
  - in the BIOS's memory. Usually this address contains a jump
  - instruction to the BIOS's POST routines.</para>
  -
  - <para>POST stands for <emphasis>Power On Self Test</emphasis>.
  - This is a set of routines including the memory check, system bus
  - check and other low-level stuff so that the CPU can initialize
  - the computer properly. The important step on this stage is
  - determining the boot device. All modern BIOS's allow the boot
  - device to be set manually, so you can boot from a floppy,
  - CD-ROM, harddisk etc.</para>
  -
  - <para>The very last thing in the POST is the <literal>INT
  - 0x19</literal> instruction. That instruction reads 512 bytes
  - from the first sector of boot device into the memory at address
  - 0x7c00. The term <emphasis>first sector</emphasis> originates
  - from harddrive architecture, where the magnetic plate is divided
  - to a number of cylindrical tracks. Tracks are numbered, and
  - every track is divided by a number (usually 64) sectors. Track
  - number 0 is the outermost on the magnetic plate, and sector 1,
  - the first sector (tracks, or, cylinders, are numbered starting
  - from 0, but sectors - starting from 1), has a special meaning.
  - It is also called Master Boot Record, or MBR. The remaining
  - sectors on the first track are never used <footnote><para>Some
  - utilities such as &man.disklabel.8; may store the information in
  - this area, mostly in the second
  - sector.</para></footnote>.</para>
  - </sect1>
  + <para>Wenn der PC eingeschalten wird, werden die Register des

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Received on Sun 02 Sep 2007 - 06:01:51 CEST